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Premature birth as a cause of communication disabilities
Šonská, Adéla ; Klenková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Korandová, Zuzana (referee)
The diploma thesis is focused on the issue of a speech therapy. It deals with premature birth in connection with communication disorder. The first part describes premature birth, mental, motor and speech development of premature babies which will be compared with the development of intact children. The diploma thesis also analyzes level and possibilities of care for premature babies with communication disorder. The second part deals with case studies and interviews using qualitative research methods. The research involved respondents aged 4 to 6 years who were born before the 34th week of pregnancy and their parents. Key words: premature birth, giving birth, low birth weight, prematurity, pregnancy, speech therapy, speech development, communication disorder, speech therapy intervention
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Maternal stress and premature birth
Kokešová, Nikola ; Černý, Andrej (advisor) ; Laštůvka, Zdeněk (referee)
This bachelor thesis is studying the influence of maternal stress on premature birth. Premature birth is a very serious perinatal complication, the incidence of which remains consistent, although health care is constantly improving. In the Czech Republic, the incidence of premature birth is around 8 %. The work has theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on preterm birth, what are its causes, how it can be prevented, what is the diagnosis and management of premature birth. Last but not least the thesis discusses stress as a risk factor for preterm birth. In 2020, a pandemic of COVID-19 hit the world. In March 2020, the first cases appeared in the Czech Republic. A completely new and extraordinary situation has brought many changes and limitations in everyday life of the society, and thus caused an excessive level of stress in the population. Therefore, in the practical part, we focus on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnancy and premature births. The aim of the work was to find out whether this new stressful situation affected the frequency of premature births at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital in Prague. We have also studied whether the frequency of premature births has...
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Infection in pregnancy
KŘÍŽOVÁ, Hana
This bachelor thesis on the topic of infection in pregnancy is divided into theoretical and research part. The roles of a midwife in the field of infection in pregnancy are described in the theoretical part. Furthermore there is description of chosen bacterial, viral and parasitic infections that is based on professional literature. Symptoms, diagnostics, therapy in pregnancy and the influence of infection on pregnancy or foetus are characterised for every type of infection. The research part of this bachelor theses focuses on the finding of knowledge of pregnant women and mothers of one or more children about infectious diseases in pregnancy and their prevention. We were also investigating, if women were informed about infections in pregnancy and their prevention during prenatal care, then who provides them the information and to what extent. Quantitative research was chosen for the research investigation and the data were collected with the technique of questionnaire survey. Distribution of the questionnaires was made electronically. Total amount of respondents was 140, of which 86 were primiparas and 54 were multiparas. The collected data were processed in Microsoft Excel 2010 programme and to verify the validity of hypothesis the chi-quadrate test with 5% level of importance was used. The research showed that multiparas have more knowledge than primiparas. Hypothesis 1, which presupposed that awareness of prevention of infectious diseases in pregnancy of multiparas is higher than of primiparas, was confirmed. Hypothesis 2, which presupposed that the awareness of multiparas of the impact of infectious diseases on foetus is higher than of primiparas was confirmed as well. However, one disturbing finding was that pregnant women are in most cases not informed about the prevention and impact of infections in pregnancy during their prenatal care. Hypothesis 3 presupposed that midwives educate the primiparas more than multiparas and this hypothesis was not confirmed. According to the results of this research, it is necessary to put greater emphasis on the education of pregnant women in the field of infections in pregnancy and this education should be provided by both midwives and doctors during prenatal care. The emphasis should be put mostly on prevention and in the case of occurrence of some infection the emphasis should be laid on early treatment of infection. This bachelor thesis can be used as educational material for pregnant women or for women, who are planning to get pregnant. The thesis can also become a source of information for students of healthcare fields, for midwives and for other healthcare staff.
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The prevalence of the preterm births among nurses
Havlíková, Anna ; Strnadová, Alice (advisor) ; Kulhavá, Miluše (referee)
In my Bachelor Thesis, I was focused on the issue of preterm birth in the group of general nurses. I aimed to compare the incidence of preterm birth in the group of general nurses with that of the background population. Further, I intended to specify whether there are differences in the preterm birth occurrence between the group of general nurses that were redeployed to a work with lower risk during the pregnancy and the group of general nurses that were not redeployed and still used to do shift work (working in non-daylight hours). I used scientific literature, international studies and articles in professional journals to obtain data to create a theoretical part. In this part I was focused on pregnancy; childbirth; preterm birth; the risk factors related to work of the nurse; and finally to the labour law concerning pregnancy. In the experimental section, I present the analysis and evaluations of data I obtained in the form of tables and graphs. All these presentations are described and annotated. The data for analysis were obtained from the questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was constructed by me. The survey took place at the two clinics of the Všeobecná fakultní nemocnice. In my Bachelor Thesis, the statistical analysis of the obtained data did not prove that there is significantly higher...
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Successfulness of premature children in the school educational process
Čepelková, Marta ; Hájková, Vanda (advisor) ; Šumníková, Pavlína (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on the success of prematurely born children between the age of 7 and 9. The goal of this thesis is to find out, whether the preterm birth has any influence on the development of the children later in their lives, especially on school results. The research is carried out through questionnaires. Evaluation is described in the practical part. The theoretical part focuses the topic of prematurely born children in general view. Keywords: premature birth, preemie, success in school
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Psychosocial factors influencing the experience of parents of premature babies
Stránská, Monika ; Pavlíková, Pavla (advisor) ; Houšťková, Hana (referee)
The thesis is focused on psychological experience of premature newborns parents. The theoretical part deals with psychosociological factors: stress, social environment of a newborn resuscitacion department, needs of parents and their emotion, nurse-parent relationship, parent-child relationship developement, communication and psychological parent support. To provide a complex view of the problemacy, one single chapter deals with premature birth, premature newborn and ilnesses that put the newborn due to the premature birth into major risk. The empirical part aim were findings concerning: what factors influence the parent experience of newborns most, how an healthcare team and a premature newborns department affect parents. The research was also aimed at finding if men and women experience this demanding life situation the same way or not and how can the healthcare team help to improve the psychological condition of paretns. To implement the researcch a non-standardized questionnaire method was applied. The research sample contained 43 respondents. The findings show clear differencies between men and women concerning settling with a premature birth of a child and in needs of psychological support. There were found reserves on the side of medical workers.
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Supporting a family with a premature and seriously ill new-born baby and the reserves in their support from the point of view of medical workers and parents
FIŠAROVÁ, Aneta
Supporting the parents of premature babies lies in providing them with the chance to take care of their children, be responsible for the care and obtain some knowledge on the children?s condition. Owing to the developments in the medical care, the premature babies have nowadays ever better prospects for life. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on the premature new-born baby, taking care of it and involving parents in this care. Furthermore, the relationship from the parents towards the children is described as well as the organizations helping parents. Three objectives and related questions were determined. The thesis aimed to monitor the awareness of the hospital attendants of the reserves in supporting a family with a premature and seriously ill new-born baby in specialized medical facilities, to find out the priorities of the parents in this area and to compare both views. The quantitative survey method was chosen for the practical part. The survey was carried out using a non-standard dialogue with ten respondents. Five of them (R1 ? R2) were mothers hospitalized at the neonatology ward in České Budějovice Hospital with their children. The other five respondents (R6 - R10) ranked from medical workers, specifically nurses working at the neonatology ward in České Budějovice Hospital. The information gained from the conversation were processed and further analysed. All the objectives were met. The medical workers see reserves in early support of both parents, as well as making sure that the partner is not neglected. A suggestion was put forward in order to increase the capacity of rooms for mothers with children. The priority for the parents is to see their children as soon as possible after their birth, to be close to them and to have a sufficient amount of information. Kangaroo mother care and stories from other parents are equally important to them. The partner unambiguously represents the largest support. It was suggested that the hospital must provide a lactation counsellor and a psychologist acquainted with the question. Having compared both views it can be implied that the views of the parents and hospital attendants correspond.
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Social worker as a member of a team handling the comprehensive care of a family with a child born prematurely
ZABILKOVÁ, Hana
The thesis deals with psychosocial aspect of premature birth, to which our society does not still pay the attention they would deserve. The aim of the thesis is to emphasise the need to provide specialized psychosocial care to families with prematurely born children within a neonatology ward and to evaluate the possibilities to apply the role of a social worker to provision of such care. The thesis is conceived as a qualitative research. The techniques of semi-structured interview and data content analysis were applied on data collection. The research sample consisted of 11 specialists of various professions involved in the care about prematurely born children and their families. The work partly continues in the research of 2007 where I dealt with the psychosocial issues of premature births from the point of view of parents of prematurely born children. The research results definitely confirmed that striving for creating a conception of specialist psychology care forming a link between health care staff and parents is necessary. Such care should be based on the following forms of assistance so as it supports family function and child{\crq}s healthy development: provision of crisis intervention, support of early relation between the mother (parents) and the child, support and strengthening parent competences, advisory on care about a prematurely born child or perhaps a handicapped child, social law counselling, mediation of related services, support of sharing experience among parents. A social worker is fully competent to provide such care. As the research shows no unified legislation dealing with his/her activities within a multidisciplinary team of a neonatology ward exists. The Social Service Act defines the conditions for the profession; separate activity would probably be subject to special regulations dealing with the activity of a social worker in hospitals. The work may be useful to all professionals pushing for rendering complex care about families of prematurely born children, i.e. care naturally involving specialist psychological care.
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